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William Vaughan (philanthropist)
William Vaughan (died c. May 1580) was an English landowner, farmer and philanthropist who lived in the mid-16th century in the Dartford and Erith area of north-west Kent.〔He describes himself in his will as "I Willyam Vaughan of Erythe in the Countie of Kent one of the yoman of the chamber of our seid sovereigns lady."〕 He was one of the yeoman to King Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth I, but is remembered today mainly for his role in the foundation of Dartford Grammar School.
==Family connections==
Nothing seems to be known about his parentage or early years, although he had a cousin, James Vaughan who lived in Swanscombe.〔In his will he mentions “…my cosyn James Vaughan of Swannescombe…” This may be the same person called "my cozin James Vaughan of Stone..." by his son Charles in his will of 1570-1.The 1606-7 will of another, later, William Vaughan of Dartford indicates a relationship to James Vaughan of Swanscombe and reinforces the impression that a number of related Vaughan's were settled in this general area of North West Kent in the late sixteenth century.〕 In his will William Vaughan left bequests to the poor of the parishes of Dartford (40/-); Stone (13/4d) and Erith (20/-); this may indicate his principal area of interest although he also held land at Tonbridge in mid-Kent.〔In his will () he mentions “all my land Tenements and heridytamentes whatsoever with their appurtenaunces sett lyenge and beynge in Dartforde and Erythe aforseyd and Tonnebrydge in the seyd Countye of Kent or elles where in the same Countye.”〕
There seems to be no evidence of Vaughan’s connection to Dartford before 1536. At that time he was said to be one of King Henry VIII’s gentlemen of the wardrobe〔Dunkin (1884) p. 217 “William Vaughan was a gentleman of the wardrobe to Henry VIII, who in 1536, obtained a grant of the manor of Bignors”. Dunkin’s source was the Fee Farm Rolls.〕〔Keyes (1938) p. 312 “William Vaughan, who obtained a grant of the Manor of Bignores in 1536”〕 when he obtained a grant of the manor of Bignors. This manor, also known as Portbridge, had long been an asset of the Sisters of the Order of St. Augustine in the Dominican nunnery at Dartford having been given to the king by John de Bikenore of Clavering in about 1366.〔Described as "belonging to the manor of Portbridge, once Robert Bikenore's" and "the manor, of Portbridge, Kent, given to the king by John de Bikenore of Clavering," source:: 'Friaries: The Dominican nuns of Dartford', A History of the County of Kent: Volume 2 (1926), pp. 181-190. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=38217. Date accessed: 14 March 2008.〕 As the dissolution of the nunnery loomed, the sisters in 1534 leased to George Tusser of Dartford the manor with their two water-mills called the Wheat Mill and the Malt Mill.〔Page (1926), pp. 181-190.〕 Vaughan obtained the lease of the manor (and the mills〔Keyes (1938), p. 131 “…the manor of Bignours, the two water-mills, called the Wheat-Mill, and the Malt-Mill and several other premises…”〕) in 1536 and had his last renewal of it between 17 November 1569 and 16 November 1570.〔Hasted (1798) p. 308. “This lease, after the dissolution, came into the hands of William Vaughan, belonging to the Kings wardrobe, who afterwards had several renewals of his lease…”〕 After Vaughan's death, the lease of these mills passed to John Spilman, an early manufacturer of paper. From the details of Spilman's mill,〔Keyes (1933), p.395.〕 one of the mills operated by Vaughan can be placed upstream from Dartford on the River Darenth where it meets Powdermill Lane.
In 1545 a muster of potential fighting men in Dartford included Vaughan as an able man and an archer in the company led by John Byer (or Beere),〔Keyes (1938) p. 222 gives the full muster.〕 a distant relative by marriage and also a prominent local philanthropist.〔In 1550 John Byer sold to Vaughan a house on Dartford High Street "lately belonging to the priory of Dartford", Keyes (1938), p.231.〕 In 1572 he paid rent of 2/4d (Two shillings and fourpence) to the Manor of Erith.〔Erith Manor Court Rolls. The 1572 rental also includes interesting mentions of other relatives of Vaughan's second wife.〕
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